type readings

_ What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph?

indents, exdents, color change, all caps, use of symbols

_ What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text?

Make sure they don't get confused with the en and em dashes.  Hyphens are used as a symbol to break words. You have to be careful with text overflow and making sure it doesn't auto-hyphen it if you don't want it to be there.

from type to font
_ Define font hinting. Why is necessary?

Hinting is defining bitmaps for low resolution rendering.  It was important at the beginning of the digital era because monitors and printers had a low resolution.  Now it is used for the reproduction of small types on screens or cell phone displays.

_ What is letterspacing/tracking? How do you track in Illustrator or InDesign?
Letterspacing is defining the "white space" on either side of the letters.  In illustrator and indesign you can track by using the tools in the "character" window.

_ Define Kerning? Name 8 kerning pairs. How do you kern in InDesign or Illustrator?

Kerning is the space between each letter - sometimes space is made smaller if there is room between two letters.  Exapmles: Av, yo, OW, Ya, Ty, Te, LV, PA.  You can kern in indesign or illustrator with the same "character" window.

_ try the kerning game (link). how did you do?

80/100

_ What is wordspacing?

Spacing between words in a text - based off the bounding box on the lower case letter i in a font

Typographic Recommendations and Referenced

_ Explain DIN.

The standards for page sizes in books

_ What is a baseline grid?
A grid made up of the baseline of lines of text, equally spaced out.  When using the baseline grid, all liines of text must lock to this grid.

_ How many characters per line is optimal? Is there a range?

about 40 or 50...yes there is a range depending on the the font size.

_ Define aesthetic text alignment (optically hanging punctuation).

Allows for some punctuation marks extend beyond the margins so that all text is aligned.

_ What is a typographic river?

What happens when the spacing between words in a block of text start to create lines from row to row, causing a "river" that can be distracting to look at when trying to read.

_ What is a widow?

a single word (the last word in a sentence/paragraph) that has it's own line.

_ what is an orphan?

a single word that has it's own line but up at the top of a row/column.